|
Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī (1564〔Annemarie Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, p. 90. ISBN 9004061177〕–1624) was an Indian Islamic scholar, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He has been described as the Mujaddid Alif saānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium",〔Annemarie Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, p. 92. ISBN 9004061177〕 for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing the heterodoxies prevalent in the time of Mughal Emperor Akbar.〔Glasse, Cyril, ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'', Altamira Press, 2001, p.432〕 While early South Asian scholarship credited him for contributing to conservative trends in Indian Islam, more recent works, notably by ter Haar, Friedman, and Buehler, have pointed to Sirhindi's significant contributions to Sufi epistemology and practices.〔Aziz Ahmad, ''Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment'', Oxford University Press, 1964. Friedmann, Yohannan. Shaikh Aḥmad Sirhindī: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. Haar, J.G.J. ter. Follower and Heir of the Prophet: Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi (1564-1624) as Mystic. Leiden: Van Het Oosters Instituut, 1992. Buehler, Arthur. Revealed Grace: The Juristic Sufism of Aḥmad Sirhindi (1564-1624). Louisville, Kentucky: Fons Vitae, 2011.〕 Most of the Naqshbandī suborders today, such as the Mujaddidī, Khālidī, Saifī, Tāhirī, Qasimiya and Haqqānī sub-orders, trace their spiritual lineage through Sirhindi. Sirhindi's shrine, known as Rauza Sharif, is located in Sirhind, India. == Early life and education == Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi was born on 26 May 1564 in the village of Sirhind,〔 into an ''ashraf'' family claiming descent from the caliph Umar, i.e. who may be were of an Arab origin, but not fact: Ahmad as-Sirhindi, son of ash-Shaykh A'bdul Ahad s/o Zainu-l-A'bidin s/o A'bdul Hayy, s/o Habibullah, s/o Rafi'uddin, s/o Nasiruddin, s/o Sulayman, s/o Yusuf, s/o Ishaq, s/o A'bdullah, s/o Shu'ayb, s/o Ahmad, s/o Yusuf, s/o Shihabuddin, known as Farq Shah al-Qabidi, s/o Nasiruddin, s/o Mahmud, s/o Salman, s/o Mas'ud, s/o 'Abdullah al-Wa'iz al-Asgar, s/o 'Abdullah al-Wa'iz al-Akbar, s/o Abdul Fattah, s/o Ishaq, s/o Ibrahim, s/o Nasir, s/o Abdullah, s/o Umar. He received most of his early education from his father, Shaykh 'Abd al-Ahad, his brother, Shaykh Muhammad Sadiq and from Shaykh Muhammad Tahir al-Lahuri.〔Itzchak Weismann, ''The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition'', Routledge (2007), p. 62〕 He also memorised the Qur'an. He then studied in Sialkot,〔 in modern-day Pakistan, which had become an intellectual centre under the Kashmir-born scholar Maulana Kamaluddin.〔S.Z.H. Jafri, ''Recording the Progress of Indian History: Symposia Papers of the Indian History Congress, 1992-2010'', Primus Books (2012), p. 156〕 There he learned logic, philosophy and theology and read advanced texts of tafsir and hadith under another scholar from Kashmir, Yaqub Sarfi (1521-1595), who was a sheikh of the Hamadaniyya Silsilla (Sayyid Sadaat Salar Ajum Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani order).〔Anna Zelkina, ''In Quest for God and Freedom: The Sufi Response to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus'', C. Hurst & Co. Publishers (200), p. 88〕 Qazi Bahlol Badakhshani taught him jurisprudence, Muhammad's biography and history.〔Khwaja Jamil Ahmad, ''Hundred greater Muslims'', Ferozsons (1984), p. 292〕〔Sufism and Shari'ah: A study of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi's effort to reform Sufism, Muhammad Abdul Haq Ansari, The Islamic Foundation, 1997, p. 11.〕 Sirhindi also made rapid progress in the Suhrawardī, the Qadirī, and the Chistī turūq, and was given permission to initiate and train followers at the age of 17. He eventually joined the Naqshbandī order through the Sufi missionary Shaykh Muhammad al-Baqī, and became a leading master of this order. His deputies traversed the length and breadth of the Mughal Empire in order to popularize the order and eventually won some favour with the Mughal court.〔''Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia'', Routledge, 2006, p. 755.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahmad Sirhindi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|